The Return: Midnight Chapter 12

â€Å"Stefan. Stefan!†Elena had been too nervous to stay out of the bedroom for longer than the five minutes it had taken to show herself to the sheriffs. It was Stefan the officers real y wanted and couldn't find, not seeming to consider that someone might backtrack and hide in a room that had already been searched. And now Elena couldn't get a response out of Stefan, who was locked in an embrace with Meredith, mouth pressed tightly over the two little wounds he'd made. Elena had to shake him by the shoulders, to shake both of them, in order to get any response. Then Stefan reared back suddenly, but held on to Meredith, who would otherwise have fal en. He hastily licked blood from his lips. For once, though, Elena wasn't focused on him, but on her friend – her friend whom she'd al owed to do this. Meredith's eyes were shut, but they had dark, almost plum-colored circles under them. Her lips were parted, and her dark cloud of hair was wet where tears had fal en into it. â€Å"Meredith? Merry?†The old nickname just slipped out of Elena's lips. And then, when Meredith gave no sign of having heard her: â€Å"Stefan, what's wrong?† â€Å"I Influenced her at the end to sleep.†Stefan lifted Meredith and put her on the bed. â€Å"But what happened? Why is she crying – and what's wrong with you?†Elena couldn't help but notice that despite the healthy flush on Stefan's cheeks his eyes were shadowed. â€Å"Something I saw – in her mind,†Stefan said briefly, pul ing Elena behind his back. â€Å"Here comes one of them. Stay there.† The door opened. It was the male sheriff, who was red-faced and panting, and who had clearly just lapped himself, returning to this room after starting from it to search the entire first floor. â€Å"I have them al in a room – al but the fugitive,†the sheriff said into a large black mobile. The female sheriff made some brief reply. Then the red-faced male turned to speak to the teenagers. â€Å"Now what's going to happen is that I'm going to search you† – he nodded at Stefan – â€Å"while my partner searches you two.†His head jerked, ear-first, at Meredith. â€Å"What's wrong with her, anyway?† â€Å"Nothing that you could understand,†Stefan replied cool y. The sheriff looked as if he couldn't believe what had just been said. Then, suddenly, he looked as if he could, and did, and he took a step toward Meredith. Stefan snarled. The sound made Elena, who was right behind him, jump. It was the low savage snarl of an animal protecting its mate, its pack, its territory. The ruddy-faced policeman suddenly looked pale and panicked. Elena guessed that he was looking at a mouth ful of teeth much sharper than his own, and tinged with blood as well. Elena didn't want this to turn into a pi – that was, a†¦snarling match. As the sheriff gabbled to his partner, â€Å"We may need some of them silver bul ets after al ,†Elena poked her beloved, who was now making a noise like a very big buzz saw that she could feel in her teeth, and whispered, â€Å"Stefan, Influence him! The other one's coming, and she may already have cal ed for backup.† At her touch, Stefan stopped making the sound, and when he turned she could see his face changing from that of a savage animal baring its teeth back to his own dear, green-eyed self. He must have taken a lot of blood from Meredith, she thought, with a flutter in her stomach. She wasn't sure how she felt about that. But there was no denying the after-effects. Stefan turned back to the male sheriff and said crisply, â€Å"You wil go into the front hal way. You wil remain there, silent, until I tel you to move or speak.†Then, without looking up to see if the officer was obeying or not, he tucked the blankets more tightly around Meredith. Elena was watching the sheriff, though, and she noticed that he didn't hesitate an instant. He made an about-face and marched off to the front foyer. Then Elena felt safe enough to look at Meredith again. She couldn't find anything wrong in her friend's face, except her unnatural pal or, and those violet shadows around her eyes. â€Å"Meredith?†she whispered. No response. Elena fol owed Stefan out of the room. She had just made it to the foyer when the female sheriff ambushed them. Coming down the stairs, pushing the fragile Mrs. Flowers before her, she shouted, â€Å"On the ground! Al of you!†She gave Mrs. Flowers a hard shove forward. â€Å"Get down now!† When Mrs. Flowers almost fel sprawling on the floor, Stefan leaped and caught her, and then turned back to the other woman. For a moment Elena thought that he would snarl again, but instead, in a voice tight with self-control, he said, â€Å"Join your partner. You can't move or speak without my permission.† He took the shaken-looking Mrs. Flowers to a chair on the left side of the foyer. â€Å"Did that – person – hurt you?† â€Å"No, no. Just get them out of my house, Stefan, dear, and I'l be most grateful,†Mrs. Flowers replied. â€Å"Done,†Stefan said softly. â€Å"I'm sorry we've caused you so much trouble – in your own home.†He looked at each of the sheriffs, his eyes piercing. â€Å"Go away and don't come back. You have searched the house, but none of the people you were looking for were here. You think further surveil ance wil yield nothing. You believe that you would do more good by helping the – what was it? Oh, yes, the mayhem in the town of Fel ‘s Church. You wil never come here again. Now go back to your car and leave.† Elena felt the tiny hairs on the back of her neck stand up. She could feel the Power behind Stefan's words. And, as always, it was satisfying to see cruel or angry people become docile under the power of a vampire's Influence. These two stood for another ten seconds quite stil , and then they simply walked out the front door. Elena listened to the sound of the sheriff's car driving away and such a strong feeling of relief washed over her that she almost col apsed. Stefan put his arms around her, and Elena hugged him back tightly, knowing that her heart was pounding. She could feel it in her chest and her fingertips. It's all over. All done now, Stefan thought to her and Elena suddenly felt something different. She felt pride. Stefan had simply taken charge and chased the officers away. Thank you, she thought to Stefan. â€Å"I guess we'd better get Matt out of the root cel ar,†she added. Matt was unhappy. â€Å"Thanks for hiding me – but do you know how long that was?†he demanded of Elena when they were upstairs again. â€Å"And no light except what was in that little star bal . And no sound – I couldn't hear a thing down there. And what is this?†He held out the long, heavy wooden staff, with its strangely shaped, spiked ends. Elena felt sudden panic. â€Å"You didn't cut yourself, did you?†She snatched up Matt's hands, letting the long staff fal to the ground. But Matt didn't seem to have a single scratch. â€Å"I wasn't dumb enough to hold it by the ends,†he said. â€Å"Meredith did, for some reason,†Elena said. â€Å"Her palms were covered with wounds. And I don't even know what it is.† â€Å"I do,†Stefan said quietly. He picked up the stave. â€Å"But it's Meredith's secret real y. I mean it's Meredith's property,†he added hastily as al eyes fixed on him at the word secret. â€Å"Well, I'm not blind,†Matt said in his frank, straightforward way, flipping back some fair hair in order to look more closely at the thing. He raised blue eyes to Elena. â€Å"I know what it smells like, which is vervain. And I know what it looks like with al those silver and iron spikes coming out of the sharp ends. It looks like a giant staff for exterminating every kind of Godawful Hel acious monster that walks on this earth.† â€Å"And vampires, too,†Elena added hastily. She knew that Stefan was in a funny mood and she definitely didn't want to see Matt, for whom she stil cared deeply, lying on the floor with a crushed skul . â€Å"And even humans – I think these bigger spikes are for injecting poison.† â€Å"Poison?†Matt looked at his own palms hastily. â€Å"You're okay,†Elena said. â€Å"I checked you, and besides it would be a very quick-acting poison.† â€Å"Yes, they would want to take you out of the fight as fast as possible,†Stefan said. â€Å"So if you're alive now, you're likely to stay that way. And now, this Godawful Hel acious monster just wants to get back up to bed.†He turned to go to the attic. He must have heard Elena's swift, involuntarily indrawn breath, because he turned around and she could see that he was sorry. His eyes were dark emerald, sad but blazing with unused Power. I think we'l have a late morning, Elena thought, feeling pleasurable thril s ripple through her. She squeezed Stefan's hand, and felt him return the pressure. She could see what he had in mind; they were close enough and he was projecting pretty clearly what he wanted – and she was as eager to get upstairs as he was. But at that moment Matt, eyes on the wickedly spiked staff, said, â€Å"Meredith has something to do with that?† â€Å"I should never have said anything at al about it,†Stefan replied. â€Å"But if you want to know more, you'd real y better ask Meredith herself. Tomorrow.† â€Å"Al right,†Matt said, final y seeming to understand. Elena was way ahead of him. A weapon like that was – could only be – for kil ing al sorts of monsters walking the earth. And Meredith – Meredith who was as slim and athletic as a bal erina with a black belt, and oh! Those lessons! The lessons that Meredith had always put off if the girls were doing something at that exact moment, but that she always somehow managed to make time for. But a girl could hardly be expected to carry a harpsichord around with her and nobody else had one. Besides, Meredith had said she hated to play, so her BFFs had let it go at that. It was al part of the Meredith mystique. And riding lessons? Elena would bet some of them were genuine. Meredith would want to know how to make a quick escape mounting anything available. But if Meredith wasn't practicing for a little light music in the drawing room, or for starring in a Hol ywood Western – then what would she have been doing? Training, Elena guessed. There were a lot of dojos out there, and if Meredith had been doing this since that vampire attacked her grandfather she must be pretty darn good. And when we've fought grisly things, whose eyes have ever been on her, a soft gray shadow that kept out of the limelight? A lot of monsters probably got knocked out but good. The only question that needed to be answered was why Meredith hadn't shown them the Godawful Hel acious monster staker or used it in any fights – say against Klaus – until now. And Elena didn't know, but she could ask Meredith herself. Tomorrow, when Meredith was up. But she trusted that it had some simple answer. Elena tried to stifle a yawn in a ladylike way. Stefan? she asked. Can you get us out of here – without picking me up – and to your room? â€Å"I think we've al had enough stress this morning,†Stefan said in his own gentle voice. â€Å"Mrs. Flowers, Meredith is in the first-floor bedroom – she'l probably sleep very late. Matt – â€Å" â€Å"I know, I know. I don't know where the schedule went but I might as well make it my night.†Matt presented an arm to Stefan. Stefan looked surprised. Darling, you can never have too much blood, Elena thought to him, seriously and straightforwardly. â€Å"Mrs. Flowers and I wil be in the kitchen,†she said aloud. When they were there, Mrs. Flowers said, â€Å"Don't forget to thank Stefan for defending the boardinghouse for me.† â€Å"He did it because it's our home,†Elena said, and went back into the hal , where Stefan was thanking a flushing Matt. And then Mrs. Flowers cal ed Matt into the kitchen and Elena found herself swooped up in lithe, hard arms and then they were gaining altitude rapidly, with the wood staircase emitting little creaks and groans of protest. And final y they were in Stefan's room and Elena was in Stefan's arms. There was no better place to be, or anything else either of them real y wanted now, Elena thought and turned her face up as Stefan turned his down and they began with a long slow kiss. And then the kiss went molten, and Elena had to cling to Stefan, who was already holding her with arms that could have cracked granite, but only squeezed her exactly as tightly as she wanted them to.

Curricular Ramifications

The employment of computer technologies in elementary school education has significantly increased across the globe. The benefits and advantages of computer-based learning have been comprehensively discussed, yet it is also important to enumerate the ramifications associated with this endeavor. However, it is imperative to determine whether this technologically intense activity is appropriate for application to young children attending elementary school education. This paper will identify several issues that are associated with the use of computers in teaching basic lessons to young school children.One of the most alarming reports regarding the ramifications of computer-based instruction at the grade school level is that the brains of young children are inundated with so much information at an early age (Healy, 1998). It has been earlier established that the brains of young children are still undergoing further development and thus it is best to allow time and the normal activities t o enhance the young individual’s brain capacity as he grows through adolescence and adulthood.The exposure of young children to computer programs is thus a novel experience that has not been fully examined with regards to its long-term effects of human behavior and cognition (Kay, 1992). It is acceptable that adults employ computers at work and at home, yet allowing young children to use computers at such an early age may be rushing their underdeveloped brains to mature at a faster pace. Another issue associated with the employment of computers in elementary school education is that the quality of software programs may significantly vary, depending on the designer or creator of the program.There are currently so many software programs that assist a computer user in uploading, integrating and consolidating different types of information on a computer. It is thus possible that the computer program that is used by a certain elementary school has not been reviewed and endorsed by the school district and thus the school children may be affected in terms of their learning skills and behavior. The ideal computer program that could assist in teaching grade school children should not only include lessons on how to count or read, but also instill good morals, as well as conduct (Cassell and Jenkins, 1998).It may thus be possible that the computer program employed by a certain school was simply purchased based on the price of the software packaged. There are so many versions of tutorial software that are featured with violent activities that attempt to teach children how to count or read. It is therefore important that computer programs are designed as a simulation of classroom lessons, which will always include teaching of proper attitudes and behaviors.Another issue that may result from the use of computer programs in teaching lessons at the elementary school level is the decrease in interpersonal interactions among students (Whitley, 1997). One features of elem entary school education is that these children are allowed to interact with other children of the same age, as they also learn lessons from their teachers. The employment of computers in teaching lessons to these young children therefore removes the social interactions that are important in shaping the personality of a child.Computer programs will thus accumulate more time spent sitting on a desk and staring at a computer screen. The young schoolchildren will thus lose significant time in playing and interacting with other children. Computer-based learning may also decrease the opportunities for a young child to learn the concept of cause and effect, which is strongly linked to social exchange with other children. It is generally observed that compassion is often learned at children and this is mainly through seeing what happens when one child is affected by a particular stimulus in the environment.In the case of employment of computers in elementary schools, children will be left w ith less time interacting with children and thus they might not learn how to appropriately interact with other people. The effect of this setting may not be immediately seen unless they have already grown older as full adults (Whitley, 1997). Another issue associated with computer programs in the elementary school level is gender difference in the use and appreciation of computers (Barker and Aspray, 2006).According to earlier reports, grade school-age boys are more comfortable in using computers than girls, thus reflecting the concept of male dominance in computer technology use (Butler, 2000). This gender difference may therefore affect the performance and learning capacity of the female school children, as these do not fully appreciate the reason why they have to use computers in learning specific lessons at school. In addition, there are reports that describe that elementary school-age girls develop an increase in their negative perception of computers when they reach the age ra nge of 12 to 13 years of age (Kay, 2006a).On the other hand, boys of this same age range show an increase in their interest on computers, and thus reflect the significant improvement of their test scores from computer lessons and activities (Kay, 2006b). It has been suggested that this correlation between boys and computer use is influenced by the sense of confidence that this gender feels as they use such technological gadgets. Another obstacle that is associated with the use of computer technology in elementary school instruction is the difficulty of teachers in integrating this technology in their curriculum (Jenson and Rose, 2003).It is critical to understand that computers have only been employed in most human activity in the last twenty to thirty years. In addition, it has only been in the last 15 years that communication methods such as the email and short message service have been fully appreciated by society. It is thus possible that there are certain teachers in elementary schools around that world that are still not comfortable with using computers in their teaching curriculum.There are some teachers that would rather stick with the old classical method of instruction, especially when they have been teaching young children with only the basic lessons of reading, mathematics and writing (Howe, 1997). In the case where the Department of Education or the school district obliges all elementary school teachers to integrate computer programs in their teaching curriculum, this may present some form of stress of certain teachers that are not used to this technology.It is thus important that teachers be highly trained with regards to the use and the recognition of the advantages of including computers in their curriculum. It will be disappointing to see reports in the futures which describe teachers that are misguiding young school children in their classroom lessons because the teacher himself is not familiar with using a computer program. Given these ramif ications on the curriculum of elementary schools, it is thus important that the decision and choices made with regards to computer use be thoroughly reviewed and assessed.Elementary schoolchildren’s brains are highly malleable and thus it is critical that the appropriate and relevant measure are undertaken in order to ensure good educations among these young individuals. References Barker, L. J. and Aspray, W. (2006). The state of research on girls and IT. In: Cohoon, J. M. and Aspray, E. (eds. ). Women and Information Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pages 3–54. Butler, D. (2000). Gender, girls, and computer technology: What's the status now? Clearing House, 73, 225–229. Cassell, J. and Jenkins, H. (1998). From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and computer games.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Jenson, J. and Rose, C. B. (2003). [email  protected]: Listening to gendered relations of power in teachers’ talk about new technologies. Gender and Education, 15, 169–181. Healy, J. (1998). Failure to Connect: How Computers Affect Our Children’s Minds – For Better or Worse. New York: Simon & Schuster. Howe, K. (1997). Understanding Equal Educational Opportunity: Social Justice, Democracy and Schooling. New York: Teachers College Press Kay, R. H. (1992). An analysis of methods used to examine gender differences in computer-related behaviour.Journal of Educational Computing Research, 8, 323–336. Kay, R. H. (2006a). Addressing gender differences in computer ability, attitudes and use: The laptop effect. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 34, 187–211. Kay, R. H. (2006b). Evaluating strategies used to incorporate technology into preservice education: A review of the literature. Journal of Research on Technology and Education, 38, 383–408. Whitley, B. E. (1997). Gender differences in computer-related attitudes and behaviors: A metaanalysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 13, 1–22. .

Drinking a Love Story by Caroline Knapp Essay

Drinking a love story by Caroline describes a life of an alcoholic daughter of rich parents. Excessive wealth, love and carelessness from her parents caused her to adopt life threatening habits. She later on started consuming alcohol. She indulged in alcoholism so much that her life was completely devastated. Caroline describes in details the bad outcomes of excessive consumption of alcohol. One third of alcoholics are women. Every day she consumed more and more alcohol and that was causing more damage to her life. Caroline Knapp, a psychotherapist, narrates a trajectory life of an alcoholic daughter. During Dream world stage, since her adolescence she had problems with drinking. She starts consuming alchol in her early teens and became a regular drinker by the age of sixteen. Her father was a psychoanalyst and a drinker himself who had affairs with several women. Her mother wasn’t able to give attention to her daughter as she was already sufferring from breast cancer. She was born in a prosperous family and her twin sister became a physician. However, Knapp became extremely addictive to alcohol. In disillusionment stage, all the symtptoms of alcoholism started appearing her as she approached her 20s. She also started on unrealistic sex relationship with several men. This added to her unhealthy conditon. During misery stage her thoughts and imaginations were immersed in a bottle of alcohol. A daughter of well-to-do family had a love affair with alcohol that ruined her entire life. The story narrates a true life image of an alcoholic and a warning for those who had started out habit of drinking. During her enlightment stage she sometimes realized that this habit has completely ruined her life. She struggles to find out contact with those who are even more alcoholic than her, in order to comfort her that she’s not the alone. Her parents were also alcoholics. However, she tries to come-up with this problem by improving her self-image and recovery from this state. â€Å"At the same time Meg’s story – her shyness and shame and confusion -is achingly familiar. Bad, semi-consensual drunken sex: so many women I know did this. So many still do. At least one quarter of the 17,592 students surveyed in a 1995 Harvard School of Public Health study on campus drinking said they had suffered an unwanted sexual advance as a result of drinking; that same year, a Columbia University study reported that alcohol plays a role in ninety percent of rapes on college campuses. † (Knapp) In her mid 20s she seeked help with psychotherapist to solve her problems with eating. Because of her excessive consumption of alcohol she lost her apetite, a condition called anorexia. However, duirng her treatment she kept on drinking. Regular consumption of alcohol made her very distressed and she gradually started realizing the cause of her unhappiness. During mutual respect stage, her both parents died of cancer. Loss of her parents, her father’s several comments and her carelessness while holding a child of her friend moved her to undergo an alcoholic anonymous rehabilitation program. Though she was successful as a journalist, she was unable to control her behavior, her unhealthy condition and developed distorting unwanted sex relationship with several men. She found her love affair with an alcohol as a synonymous to an unfaithful and unresponsive man, who had destroyed her life completely. Her recovery would be to end this relationship from its roots and to take a divorce from this love. Those who consume alcohol usually indulge in this habit in order to avoid facing difficulties in life. Caroline brings to their awareness that drinking is not the solution as it makes the problem worse. By drinking one cannot avoid those difficulties and problems but in fact have other severe health problems incurred. This can make their lives miserable. The story is a very good advice for drinkers about this life threatening habit. She sketches a true picture of an alcoholic daughter and its miserable outcomes on women of all age who have this habit. References Knapp, Caroline. Drinking A Love Story.

The Curse of her Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Curse of her Beauty - Essay Example The woman's contradictory appearance is conveyed through a series of similes. She is old as ocean yet young as mornings. In spite of the woman's contradictory appearance (which seems to foreshadow ambiguity), the observer takes great delight in her. Roach personifies the beauty of the land through the woman's characteristics (That saw beauty walk on the wind and the sea). He speaks of nothing more about the woman other than her physical beauty. Much like the poet, tourist know of nothing more than what meets their eyes (the land's physical beauty), which is equivalent to the woman's physical appearance. The Caribbean is known to attract tourists with its lush vegetation and mild climate. However, Roach points out the land's deceptive seduction of the land's beauty. In fact, the land's beauty taints its true image. Rather than seeing the land for what it truly is (a place enduring the abusive lashing of the sea spray), the poet is tantalized and intoxicated by kisses that cause him to envision a beautiful goddess (Love tinted that shore). As he realizes the goddess's true repulsive side, the poet finds out that there is more than what meets the eye. Reality sobers the poet. He is no longer intoxicated by the beauty of the land. ... In The Odyssey by Homer, Sirens lured sailors with their sweet hypnotic songs. Their songs detracted sailors from their careful journeys and caused them to crash their ships into the rocks. In its efforts to lure and trap unwary observers, the land produces an attractive woman who is similar to the sirens. In essence, the woman is the land. Normally, Roach uses the land as a metaphor for the struggle between Eurocentric hegemony (dominance) and Caribbean independence (Jennings 25). The evidence of dominance is shown in the first stanza. The trees are symbolic of the Caribbean people who endured much abuse from the Europeans (lashing sea spray) but remained strong. As an islander who was forced to conform to European studies (Breiner 113), Roach uses examples from his studies (the siren coast; deceptive Sirens from Homer's Odyssey). In addition, Roach struggles with the identity of the land (shown in the ambivalent view of the woman or land). In doing so, he denounces the history of the land while acknowledging its undeniable beauty and his love for it. In the end, the poem makes a full circle (back to the beginning) where the he reflects on the devastatingly true image of the shore. The only difference now is that remnants of his love accompany the brutalities of the lashing sea spray. Works Cited Breiner, Laurence A. An Introduction to West Indian Poetry. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Jennings, Lisa Gay. "Renaissance Models for Caribbean Poets: Identity, Authencity and the Early Modern Lyric Revisited." MS Thesis. Florida State University, 2005.

The Montessori pedagogy. Why has it become so popular in Norway when Essay

The Montessori pedagogy. Why has it become so popular in Norway when private schools are being established - Essay Example ities have had a strong influence on education policies concerning both the content of teaching and the management of schools (Darnell & Hoem, 1996; Lauglo, 1998). Operating parallel to this decentralized process, however, has been the states effort to exert more management and control over the schools in order to protect a democratic popular education. Such control is considered necessary for maintaining equality in education. In 1997, Norway developed a new national curriculum plan for primary and lower secondary schools. The 343-page plan (Laereplanen, 1997) is ideologically based on nationalism, is oriented both to children and to the community, and focuses on projecting methods and integrative strategies for teaching. The plan also stresses subject knowledge and explains, in detail, "what should be learned." Today, not only public schools but also private schools receive almost all of their funding from the state, and they must follow an overall state policy for education. The vast majority of students attend public schools. At the university and college level, only about 10 percent of students attend private institutions. At the upper secondary level, 4 percent are in private education. More than 98 percent of primary and lower secondary education students attend public state schools. Only a very few children are home schooled. For all intents and purposes, the state has a say in almost all school matters in Norway, and its reach is extending toward such alternative education methods as home schooling. As a result of the special geography and history of Norway, there is no historically rooted national upper class. While some children have learned from private tutors, or at Christian schools or other private schools, Norway does not have a strong tradition of private, upper-class schools. Some alternative schools at the primary and lower secondary levels were established by special interest groups for religious or other ideological

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Post-Confederation of Canada - Essay Example Rowell-Sirois Commission (1937, report 1940) The famous great depression of 1930’s also affected Canada and it was due to the urgent need to address the economic challenges that faced the country that the Rowell-Sirois Commission was formed in 1937. The Commission was formed to devise permanent solutions that can prevent the country from experiencing another depression as it had been witnessed during the 1930s. The report, which the commission handed over to the government in 1940, is significant in the Canadian history since it is the report, which recommended that the federal government take full charge of workers’ pension scheme. Secondly, it is this report that made the federal government take full control of the unemployment insurance. Secondly, it recommended that the federal government create equalization payments and the disbursement of funds by the federal government to the provincial governments on a yearly basis. William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874-1950) Willia m Lyon Mackenzie commonly referred to as Mackenzie King was Canada’s 10th Prime Minister and the longest serving Prime Minister in Canada’s history who served for 22 years between 1921 through to 1948. According to political analysts, Mackenzie King did not have typical personal attributes of a great leader especially when compared to the his peers during this era, however, he was able to serve as the longest Prime Minister because of the wide variety of skills that he possessed, which resonated with the needs that Canada had during his era. He is most significant to the Canadian history because during his tenure he laid the foundation of the Canadian welfare state. Person’s case (1929) Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Emily Murphy and Irene Parlby, (the famous 5s), presented a petition on 18th October 1927that requested the Governor General to issue a directive to the Supreme Court in order for them determine whether women had the right or if they were eligible to become Senator under the British North America Act. This is because up until that time, women were regarded as â€Å"persons† who could not hold public offices as Canada Senators. The ruling in this petition is significant to the Canadian history as it recognized women as persons who were eligible for appointment to the Canadian Senate and it set forth the establishment of various women rights. NAFTA (1994) The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement that was signed by the United States, Mexico, and Canada on 1st January, 1994 creating a trilateral trading block in North America. The agreement was signed by the three countries in order to boost investment and trading between the three countries by eliminating some of the trade barrier that had previously existed in the region. According to economists, this agreement is particularly important in the Canadian history as it enabled the country to trade more thus boosts its gross domestic p roduct and overall economic condition. Louis Riel As previously mentioned, Louis Riel spearheaded the establishment of the government for the Province of Manitoba, and it is further noted that he was also a key figure in the Canadian history since he was the political and spiritual leader of the Metis people of the Canadian prairies. Louis Riel is also significant in the Canadia

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Topic of your choice - Term Paper Example As a means of understanding human resource management to a more effective degree, the following analysis will engage the reader with an understanding of how motivation takes place. Although it is true that employee/stakeholder motivation only represents one aspect of what a human resources department should be performing, it is one of the most essential elements that allows the firm/organization to engage their stakeholders and seek to promote a definitive level of engagement in one particular direction or another. In such a manner, it is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion will be beneficial for the reader to understand the manner through which motivation is utilized within the field of psychology and human resource management. Although Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has oftentimes been considered on a purely personal psychological level, the reality of the situation is that humans are by very nature social beings. By extension, the workplace is necessarily a realm within which individuals need to interact with one another as well as clients as a means of generating profit and income; both for themselves and for the entity in question. In such a way, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is perfectly suited to defining and describing the means by which a given firm/organization can seek to maximize the overall level of motivation that is exhibited within its employees. Naturally, it may seem at bit absurd for the firm/entity in question to be able to speak to the needs of breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, and excretion. However, the fact of the matter is that it is incumbent upon the employer to ensure a safe working environment exists whereby none of the basic physiological needs of the in dividual are disrupted. Continuing to move up the list, the reader can note that more or less in each and every substrata of the pyramid, the employer can seek to provide for at least some of these needs. Naturally,

Proposal document Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal document - Dissertation Example This can be in form of services industry, business ventures or medical and health care industry. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives behind the entire dissertation are to investigate the new modes of communication in form of VOIP. In this regard, making use of VOIP in a particular field and providing benefits not only to the organization but the clients related is one of the main objectives. This would be done by checking its feasibility, its costs, its compatibility and other factors, and this in turn is subject to the study of its infrastructure. The dissertation would further allow for clear understanding of the technology incorporated in VOIP, which will be done so through critical analysis and comparison with other technologies present. Abstract: Using the VOIP services for better services in form of medical and health care sector with focus on the understanding and defining of the core infrastructure and understanding of VOIP. Usage in Medical Alert Systems: For purpos e of sending an alarm and signal, it can be used in times of emergency, the phone line that is synced with the monitoring setup that is established in connection with the phone line that is in place and once the call is established, the infrastructure in place would allow for monitoring and tracing of the location and then based on the VOIP features can provide the desired situation by alerting the other elements. Outlines: Understanding the working of VOIP, the technologies incorporated its strengths and weakness, the adjustments needed in the particular organization under study, checking the compatibility, assessing the present state of technology, potential advantages and possible areas of improvement would be investigated in the overall dissertation. The project will broadly consist of the introduction and abstract part, followed by the literature review part which would investigate the methodical and periodical work that has been conducted over period of time in the field of VO IP and other communication technologies. Work of different experts and technologists who have researched in this field would be brought to light. This would be followed by the research methodology phase of the dissertation which would include the explanation and discussion of the ground level activities and facts related to VOIP. Finally the last part of the dissertation would constitute the findings and analysis portion which would allow for better implementation of the technology in the physical domain. Using the software is also part of the overall project for purpose of pilot test and evaluation. Implementation of VOIP software, providing the data base, and other resources within the hospital and medical field which would facilitate its usage are few of the steps and actions that must be taken into account prior to its implementation. Software tool application would enable for practical demonstration of the VOIP features, its services and its compatibility with other underlying technologies and hardware applications. Software compatibility and designing a software manual according to the desired technological requirements is another core function contained in the overall project. Literature review: The concept of VOIP gained prominence in the early days of 21st century when the technology took a shift towards further enhanced means

Statistics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistics - Coursework Example A marketing manager of a well-known bookstore in the UK conducted a survey measuring customers’ loyalty. Customers’ Loyalty was measured with one question on an ordinal scale from 1 to 10, with lower values indicating less strength and higher values greater strength. The manager also took details on their gender. The manager performed a t-test to examine whether there was an association between the variables loyalty and gender. The results are shown below. The difference between the means is evidently significantly low at 0.86. However, from the test results, the p value 0.0002 is less compared to the significance level of 0.05. For this reason, we reject the null hypothesis. We may thus conclude that loyalty may be associated with gender. It means that the difference between the mean loyalty level of males and the mean loyalty level of the females is 0.86. That is mean of male group minus mean of female group is -0.86. The negative sign shows that the mean of the female group is higher than the mean of the male

Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous by Berkeley Essay

Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous by Berkeley - Essay Example Further on I will explain the importance of both materialistic and immaterialistic explanations of the objects and trying to find the most persuading argument, either materialistic or sensual one. Part A The main argument of Berkley is that idealism refers to daily practices and is inconsistent with science, while materialism is focused on the identity of the object and is a trigger for studying the laws of nature. Hylas claims that different senses provide individuals with diversity of perceptions and knowledge about the one and the same thing. He is a materialist in his essence and throughout the dialogue he tries to persuade Philonus of the need to be closer to the matter and not to the wanderings of one’s mind. The unity of ideas about a particular thing is an integrative element for delving into the depth of the nature of things.. He introduces a character of Hylas, which is a materialist and Philonous, which is an immaterialist. Hylas claims that from a materialistic poi nt of view to see something with the help of the microscope is to see the same thing, which can be seen with the naked eye. Philonous opposes to him and argues that if to refer to our senses and emotions, we will see different things with and without microscopes. Still, the role of microscope cannot be denied. It plays a role of correlation of different perceptions of one thing. This is one of the strongest points suggested by Hylas. Further discussion between Hylas and Philonous concerns different perception of the word â€Å"same† for philosophers and linguists. Both interlocutors are not focused on the meaning of the word â€Å"same†. There is a deeper discussion about correlation of different perceptions of abstracted ideas of identity. Individuals may perceive diversity or identity in different abstract ideas. In case a correlation of different visions of one thing occurs, then idealistic and materialistic visions are correlated. In other words, empirical evidence found by the scientists refers to idealistic intentions. Both Hylas and Philonous establish the same connections, but for the former different visions of the object do not change its essence and for the latter different visions make the object different. Hylas claims that the naked eye and the microscope are two different means for perception of one thing. On the one hand, there is essence in different subjects and there is a limit of knowledge. Materialists refer to complex explanations and there is no need for this type of deep and profound interpretations, because matter transcends the limits of one’s knowledge. Thus, knowledge about the world cannot be deeper in case of complex knowledge about matter occurs. On the other hand, ideas of matter are opposed to unseen or unperceived ideas. There is a good question: whether these ideas consist of molecules and atoms? The laws of nature and their hidden sides are unseen and Berkeley claims that there are only some assertions t hat God defines. A measure between perceived and unperceived objects or ideas is vague. Philonous claims that different sensations are appropriate for existence of a real object. Moreover, these sensations assure individuals of existence of certain objects (example with a cherry). Berkley underlines that in case an object is unperceived, it does not exist for sure. In the same way he undermines theoretical developments of science. Berkley underlin

Summary 4 234 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary 4 234 - Essay Example Another example is with a little girl in another class who frequently pinched the other children in class. The teacher discovered the reasons that she was pinching. She was pinching as a greeting and because she enjoyed the way it felt to make a pinching motion with her fingers. The teacher showed the toddler less hurtful ways to greet her classmates and created toys that would allow the toddler and her classmates to pinch without hurting anyone. Life lessons can also be learned through actions initiated by young children. In one classroom, a teacher turns one child trying to take off her socks into a guided lesson on how to pull off and put on socks. In another classroom, a child came in with difficulty separating from her parents. The teacher noticed the child's interest in books and used books to help the little girl develop her interests and to become less dependent. Children can also learn about the world around them, when guided by their teacher. On one playground, a toddler fo und a snail outside and the other children gathered around to look. The teacher turned this into a discussion on snails and integrated information about snails into the classroom. Later, a salamander was brought in and the children brought in roly polys.

The subject matter of the programme Essay Example for Free

The subject matter of the programme Essay The United States has the highest gun related deaths in the world. Moore links this to the lack of gun control and the president. From childhood games to bomb threats, from shootings to terrorism. One of the main issues the documentary explored was the shootings at Columbine High School in the United States, gun control and how easily accessible guns are in the United States. the very high gun related deaths, violence, mentality, behavior, issues within schools, peer pressure the effect of societies were looked at. Also in questioning was violent video games music. Marilyn Manson came up as a name to blame, but the president was also name to blame. Bowling for Columbine starts with black and white footage of the gun association, this introduces the historical background. Moore uses a number of conventions typical to a documentary. He uses voice over commentary throughout. April 20th 1999 (a typical day in America) footage is used to accompany the narrative. Moores ridicule of the Bush Administration is shown in his voice over saying the President bombs another country whose name he cant pronounce The shot of the statue of Liberty is iconic of representing America. It can be seen as an establishing shot. Verite footage of North County Bank in Michigan, where there is use of point of view shots showing him looking through a brochure and completing a form, in return of a rifle. He uses the humor of sarcasm when asking about the questions on the form he has to fill in to retain the weapon and the fact of how it only matters if your criminally defected but not mentally defected. Moore states a rhetorical question Do you think its dangerous handing guns out at a bank? There is a long shot of Moore when he walks out of the bank, with the weapon held aloft. The viewer would probably be taken aback by this, if not American. Guns given out at banks just dont happen. The viewer would think bank robberies. How easy would it be for someone who has just taken out a weapon in false name (or not) to turn around and hold someone at gunpoint? The scene is accompanied by non-diegetic music, its upbeat and sets the viewers imagination into role. The opening credits are accompanied by black and white footage of youngsters bowling. This represents the effects on youths from a young age, the bowling to take place of the play of children from that of the effects of childhood games to shooting. The Columbine shootings. Later on in the documentary there is a link back to this, as one of the female students who went to Columbine High School said, one of the boys involved in the shootings use to bowl for Columbine. Which is where the title of the documentary may have come from. Throughout the whole of this documentary there is a continuous link to guns. There is a black and white television advertisement, from the 50/60s advertising real guns. These were fake toy guns that looked and sounded real. I think Moore shows this to show how much children are involved in the tradition of guns in America. Moore also uses home footage of himself and his history of gun use to present Americas gun culture and to present himself. He won the NRA marksman award. He then introduces the fact that he grew up in the same State as Charlton Heston where hunting is extremely common. Moore includes a scene of himself at the Hairdressers, where he purchases bullets. His message is just how easily accessible guns and ammunition really are. The viewer would be shocked, particularly with our own Laws and figures as the United Kingdom. In another scene Chris Rock, a comedian, is on stage presenting his views in his own comical way. He talks of gun control and speaks about bullets costing more then there may be less violence. He suggests $5,000 for a bullet and says I would blow your head off If I could afford it! I think Moore includes this because he has a point, it is entertaining and Moore thinks the idea needs to be made. Marilyn Manson came up as a name to blame by America, mainly by the media. But out of all the United States the President, Marilyn Manson was the only one to whom suggested listening. Said within an interview between him and Moore, as the answer to one thing he would say to the youths effected by the shootings at Columbine I wouldnt say anything, I would listen The scene was effective because Marilyn Manson is a well-known artist. Other countries such as Gothic Germany frequently listen to his music but have a significant lower percentage of gun related deaths. Other things to blame were such things as video games, horror films and a TV program COPS In America, presented in Moores way, the media seems to be racially prejudiced. That or the accusers. Big, tall, black man, in around his thirties In both documentaries there are no formal introductions to the subjects. At the beginning of the documentary particularly focuses on the NRA (National Rifle Association) that Moore is a member of, wherefore he introduces himself as an American. Weapons and shooting play a major part in the documentary as they do in America itself. Moore emphasizes on the gun accessibility and how easy it is to retain a weapon and more importantly ammunition for it. In the closing scene, the song What a wonderful world is played over visuals. This is ironic. It is non-diegetic to the whole of the documentary, but leaves the viewer to provoke the viewers thought. Fahrenheit 9/11 The temperature where freedom buns! The main issue in Fahrenheit 9/11 was Fahrenheit 9/11. The devastation and effects it had on the peoples of the United States. Terrorism. The Bush Administration. The presidents connections with the Saudis and Bin Ladens and the Iraqi War. Media footage of Fahrenheit 9/11 is shown. The scene is started by telephone calls of panicking residents with no visuals. Then footage of people looking up in the air. There is no formal introduction to Fahrenheit 9/11 but the viewer automatically interprets this. News footage is shown of the planes crashing into the twin towers, then to people crying and praying. This scene is very emotive; one might question whether it was moral of Moore to include it. I think he did because he knew the reaction he would receive and that it would get the attention he had hoped for. Moore to uses narration to take us through all his findings behind the media. From the 2000 elections to informing us of the relationship between the president and the Bin Laden family. The fact of how the FBI suspiciously decided to fly the whole of the Bin Laden family out of the States just two days after 9/11 without being held for questioning. Also the fact that the Saudis, Bin Ladens and Bush families are all invested in joint financial dealings. The president wouldnt want the American public to discover this. Perhaps Moore saw it his duty to inform the American public. Moore interviews a man who was questioned by the FBI for merely speaking of and questioning the presidents decisions. An over reaction of the FBI and president to prevent terrorism. But this man was not the only one to be questioned. This man says theyre meant to be a state where there is freedom and rights, Theyre denying me my rights as an American citizen There is footage of the U. S soldiers whilst in Iraq. The soldiers admit they did not know why the president had sent them to Iraq and that it was getting to a point when they were shooting anything that moved because they had not a clue of what they were doing. One of the soldiers spoke of how they listen to The roof is on fire by Bizzy Bone. A soldier starts saying the lyrics The roof, the roof, the roof is on fire We dont need know water let the motherfucker burn! Burn! Motherfucker. Burn! As he says this, the image on screen changes to footage of an Iraqi woman clasping onto her family with other women. The backing music plays over the scenes of destruction. This scene is very powerful and emotive. The viewer would not have expected it they would be shocked, at the language, the heartlessness of it and the following scenes of images of young children who had wounds deep as the bone, skin burns, dead people. During this there is emphasis in typography on many facts, figures and quotes with actual footage from real events that help to back Moore on his views. In another scene Royal Marines Officers were frantically recruiting young men, mainly school leavers to join up. This was because of the huge loss of American soldiers that had already been lost in the Iraqi War. An aerial shot of a huge cemetery where the U. S soldiers have been buried is shown, along with typography of the figures of thousands who died. In the second to last scene, an American citizen talks of how she persuades her children to sign up. The benefits and possibilities that the Army offers. To her deep regret, she reads out the last letter she received from her son, who lost his life in Iraq. In the letter, he writes of how negatively he felt towards the president in his decision of sending them to Iraq. The scene is highly emotive, drawing in the viewer as they sympathize with this familys loss. Creating Moores desired affect to persuade the viewer in joining him in his view, against the president. Michael Moore continuously takes advantage of his documentaries to make George Bush appear to have his priorities and concerns with matters other than the American public. He uses his documentaries to convey his own political views and opinions to his audience. His obvious dislike for the president is very apparent as he includes many edited scenes of him. An example of this is shown in the documentary, when the president is on vacation with his brother in Florida on the 10th September 2001, the day before Fahrenheit 9/11. With the aid of editing Moore sets up the cozy smug look of the presidents face after Fahrenheit 9/11, cutting to one of the victims grieving family members. Undoubtedly this brings over Moores view of the Bush Administration, therefore hopefully ensuing in the audiences view, along with the American public. One of Moores purposes for creating the documentaries. Michael Moores main purposes for creating this documentary are to inform his audience of the issues that the mainstream media has missed/not included. Moore wanted to uncover, in his opinion, the fact that the current president of the United States had sent his fellow citizens into war. For reasons only known to him and close partnerships; having little to do with the excuse of an attempt to stop terrorism, capture Osama Bin Laden or prevent Saddam Hussein from using his weapons of mass destruction. Moore uses a considerably large mount of editing; in fact editing creates most of his documentaries. Unfortunately, however fortunate for him, this creates a bias view, which is what the viewer sees. Moore continuously visually documents the weaknesses of the powerful. The main example is the president. Moore captures the presidents sensitive side. Also Charlton Heston, as he walks away from the camera unable to answer Moores request of After that happened you came to Flint to hold a big rally and, you know, I just, did you feel it was being at all insensitive to the fact that this community had just gone through more tragedy? Moore then continues, You think youd like to apologize to the people in Flint for coming and doing that at that time? Moore takes full advantage of the fact that he knows about Heston, having known of the shootings, and the fact that Heston had pretended he did not. In conclusion, Moore has presented two documentaries, from his own point of view, to present his views and some truths. Creating his desired effect, to inform and explain his view.

Advantages And Disadvantages To Using Indexes Computer Science Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages To Using Indexes Computer Science Essay Put simply, database indexes help speed up retrieval of data. The other great benefit of indexes is that your server doesnt have to work as hard to get the data. They are much the same as book indexes, providing the database with quick jump points on where to find the full reference (or to find the database row). There are both advantages and disadvantages to using indexes,however. One disadvantage is they can take up quite a bit of space check a textbook or reference guide and youll see it takes quite a few pages to include those page references. Another disadvantage is using too many indexes can actually slow your database down. Thinking of a book again, imagine if every the, and or at was included in the index. That would stop the index being useful the index becomes as big as the text! On top of that, each time a page or database row is updated or removed, the reference or index also has to be updated. So indexes speed up finding data, but slow down inserting, updating or deleting data. Some fields are automatically indexed. A primary key or a field marked as unique for example an email address, a userid or a social security number are automatically indexed so the database can quickly check to make sure that youre not going to introduce bad data. So when should a database field be indexed? The general rule is anything that is used to limit the number of results youre trying to find. Its hard to generalise so well look at some specific but common examples. Note the database tables shown below are used as an example only and will not necessarily be the best setup for your particular needs. In a database table that looks like this: Note: The SQL code shown below works with both MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. CREATE TABLE subscribers ( subscriberid INT PRIMARY KEY, emailaddress VARCHAR(255), firstname VARCHAR(255), lastname VARCHAR(255) ); if we want to quickly find an email address, we create an index on the emailaddress field: CREATE INDEX subscriber_email ON subscribers(emailaddress); and any time we want to find an email address: SELECT firstname, lastname FROM subscribers WHERE emailaddress=[emailprotected]; it will be quite quick to find! Another reason for creating indexes is for tables that reference other tables. For example, in a CMS you might have a news table that looks something like this: CREATE TABLE newsitem ( newsid INT PRIMARY KEY, newstitle VARCHAR(255), newscontent TEXT, authorid INT, newsdate TIMESTAMP ); and another table for authors: CREATE TABLE authors ( authorid INT PRIMARY KEY, username VARCHAR(255), firstname VARCHAR(255), lastname VARCHAR(255) ); A query like this: SELECT newstitle, firstname, lastname FROM newsitem n, authors a WHERE n.authorid=a.authorid; will be take advantage of an index on the newsitem authorid: CREATE INDEX newsitem_authorid ON newsitem(authorid); This allows the database to very quickly match the records from the newsitem table to the authors table. In database terminology this is called a table join you should index any fields involved in a table join like this. Since the authorid in the authors table is a primary key, it is already indexed. The same goes for the newsid in the news table, so we dont need to look at those cases. On a side note, table aliases make things a lot easier to see whats happening. Using newsitem n and authors a means we dont have to write: SELECT newstitle, firstname, lastname FROM newsitem, authors WHERE newsitem.authorid=authors.authorid; for more complicated queries where more tables are referenced this can be extremely helpful and make things really easy to follow. In a more complicated example, a news item could exist in multiple categories, so in a design like this: CREATE TABLE newsitem ( newsid INT PRIMARY KEY, newstitle VARCHAR(255), newscontent TEXT, authorid INT, newsdate TIMESTAMP ); CREATE TABLE newsitem_categories ( newsid INT, categoryid INT ); CREATE TABLE categories ( categoryid INT PRIMARY KEY, categoryname VARCHAR(255) ); This query: SELECT n.newstitle, c.categoryname FROM categories c, newsitem_categories nc, newsitem n WHERE c.categoryid=nc.categoryid AND nc.newsid=n.newsid; will show all category names and newstitles for each category. To make this particular query fast we need to check we have an index on: newsitem newsid newsitem_categories newsid newsitem_categories categoryid categories categoryid Note: Because the newsitem newsid and the categories categoryid fields are primary keys, they already have indexes. We need to check there are indexes on the join table newsitem_categories This will do it: CREATE INDEX newscat_news ON newsitem_categories(newsid); CREATE INDEX newscat_cats ON newsitem_categories(categoryid); We could create an index like this: CREATE INDEX news_cats ON newsitem_categories(newsid, categoryid); However, doing this limits some ways the index can be used. A query against the table that uses both newsid and categoryid will be able to use this index. A query against the table that only gets the newsid will be able to use the index. A query against that table that only gets the categoryid will not be able to use the index. For a table like this: CREATE TABLE example ( a int, b int, c int ); With this index: CREATE INDEX example_index ON example(a,b,c); It will be used when you check against a. It will be used when you check against a and b. It will be used when you check against a, b and c. It will not be used if you check against b and c, or if you only check b or you only check c. It will be used when you check against a and c but only for the a column it wont be used to check the c column as well. A query against a OR b like this: SELECT a,b,c FROM example where a=1 OR b=2; Will only be able to use the index to check the a column as well it wont be able to use it to check the b column. Multi-column indexes have quite specific uses, so check their use carefully. Now that weve seen when we should use indexes, lets look at when we shouldnt use them. They can actually slow down your database (some databases may actually choose to ignore the index if theres no reason to use it). A table like this: CREATE TABLE news ( newsid INT PRIMARY KEY, newstitle VARCHAR(255), newscontent TEXT, active CHAR(1), featured CHAR(1), newsdate TIMESTAMP ); looks pretty standard. The active field tells us whether the news item is active and ready to be viewed on the site. So should we should create an index on this field for a query like this? SELECT newsid, newstitle FROM news WHERE active=1; No, we shouldnt. If most of your content is live, this index will take up extra space and slow the query down because almost all of the fields match this criteria. Imagine 500 news items in the database with 495 being active. Its quicker to eliminate the ones that arent active than it is to list all of the active ones (if you do have an index on the active field, some databases will choose to ignore it anyway because it will slow the query down). The featured field tells us whether the news item should feature on the front page. S hould we index this field? Yes. Most of our content is not featured, so an index on the featured column will be quite useful. Other examples of when to index a field include if youre going to order by it in a query. To get the most recent news items, we do a query like this: SELECT newtitle, newscontent FROM news ORDER BY newsdate DESC; Creating an index on newsdate will allow the database to quickly sort the results so it can fetch the items in the right order. Indexing can be a bit tricky to get right, however there are tools available for each database to help you work out if its working as it should. Well there you have it my introduction to database indexes. Hopefully youve learned something from this article and can apply what youve learned to your own databases. This entry was posted in Programming. Bookmark the permalink. 22 Responses to Introduction to Database Indexes Jim says: February 17, 2006 at 7:13 am I think you need to be a bit more the reader knows absolutly nothing when describing the table joins. You lost me for a bit there. Perhaps a better step by step hand holding example would be better. [ Editors note: Sure thing. Ill see what I can come up with for next month! If youre desperate for information and cant wait drop me a line chris at interspire dot com and Ill explain it further ] Reply khani says: May 14, 2006 at 3:55 pm Good effort chris, You ve described Indexes in a simple way. Reply VRS says: May 24, 2006 at 1:32 pm Good article.Do include some explanation on clustered and non clustered indexes. Reply Vivek says: July 13, 2006 at 3:25 am Good article. Helped a lot in understading the basics of indexing. Thanks Reply Unknown says: October 11, 2006 at 8:43 pm Good article man. I really appretiate your effort. Reply Ayaz says: November 14, 2006 at 9:22 am Good article to understand indexes for a beginner. Reply Debiz says: November 27, 2006 at 5:21 pm Very well written and simply explained for those looking for a basic overview Reply Nand says: December 14, 2006 at 11:46 am Good article, felt like walking over the bridge on a gorge. Can u pl. explain drawbacks of using index also. [ Chris note The main drawback is that every insert, update or delete has to change the index as well. If you have a lot of indexes, that adds a lot of overhead to the operation. ] Reply Myo says: December 19, 2006 at 11:56 pm Very easy to understand and gives examples with different situations to demonstrate when and where we should use indexes and why. Thanks man! Reply John Lowe says: March 14, 2007 at 2:57 am A quick a useful reminder to what idexes are all about, thanks. Reply Shravanti says: June 26, 2007 at 3:11 am Good Introduction to Indexes. It would also be valuable to have information on how do indexes work on OLAP side of a Data Warehouse. Reply Harsha says: August 13, 2007 at 11:21 pm crisp tutorial.. good work Reply krish says: September 24, 2007 at 2:44 am Really very nice explanation Reply Alagesan says: October 10, 2007 at 11:33 pm This is a great article to learn indexing for beginners I really appreciate your efforts and good will in explaining them in words here.Thanks! Reply Heather says: October 12, 2007 at 8:23 am This was a great explanation of indexes for me I am self-taught when it comes to databases so the language in this tutorial was very easy for me to understand. Also, you used great examples to help explain your information. THANKS! Reply Jess Duckin says: October 28, 2007 at 4:58 am The explaination on the usage of indexing is very helpful Reply Mayur says: October 29, 2007 at 1:56 pm Thank you very much, a really informative tutorialfor me it was a 100% match to what I was looking for. Thanks Reply satish soni says: January 11, 2008 at 7:17 am Great article on indexes even oracle has not provided that much knowledge about indexes Reply Shweta says: January 11, 2008 at 4:25 pm Good. Just the overview i needed. Reply Hemant Jirange says: January 17, 2008 at 3:39 am Great articlethis is very simple to understand whole disadvantages about index Reply ramesh says: January 18, 2008 at 2:26 am impossible.even wikipedi couldnt match your tutorial on this topicthank uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu very much Reply Ravi says: September 12, 2008 at 5:57 am thanks Chris, was an easy read for a database novice. I look forward to seeing the next chapter Reply Leave a Reply Name (required) Mail (will not be published) (required) Website Home | Email Marketing | Shopping Cart | Knowledge Management Software | Content Management Software | Ecommerce Software | Sell Products Online | Our Guarantee | Privacy Policy Copyright 1999-2010 Interspire Pty. Ltd. ACN: 107 422 631

Data Processing in Big Data Centres Cost Reduction Approach

Data Processing in Big Data Centres Cost Reduction Approach A Cost Reduction Approach for Data Processing in Big Data Centers R. Reni Hena Helan ABSTRACT- The tremendous development in cloud data processing leads to the high load on computation, storage and communication in the data storage centers, which influence the data center providers to spend a considerable expenditure in data processing. There are three features leading to this increased expenditure, ie., job allotment, data positioning and data movement. In this paper, these three features are taken into consideration and an approach for cost reduction for cloud data processing is proposed. I propose a Markov Chain Model to analyze the task completion considering the data transmission and its computation. Keywords: Markov Chain Model, Data Center, Cloud data, Data Positioning, Data Processing. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the outburst of data all over the world has led to the demand of data processing in the data storage centers. This demand further leads to the increase in the cost incurred in the computation and the communication resources. As predicted by Gartner, by 2015, 71% of the data storage center hardware utilization would be from the cloud data processing which will cross around $126.2 billion. So, it is of vital importance to analyze the cost reduction problem in cloud data processing in the data storage centers. Data Center resizing (DCR) has been proposed to reduce the cost involved in data processing by adjusting the number of activated servers through task placement[1]. The Cloud Data Service Architecture mainly consists of distributed file systems which is helpful in distributing the data and its copies all over the data centers for an efficient load balancing and high performance. Some studies focused on reducing the communication cost by taking steps to place data on the servers where the input data exist to solve the remote data loading problem. Even though there were many solutions proposed to solve the above issues, none of the solutions were helpful in providing a cost efficient big data processing due to few disadvantages. First one, being the wastage of resources for the data that is not often accessed. Second, being the transmission costs involved depending on the distances and the type of communication used between the data centers. Not all the data could be stored on the same server because of its high volume; it is a mandatory one to store few data into remote servers that would incur transmission cost. Transmission costs get increased proportionally with the number of communication links involved. To get rid of the above disadvantages, I consider the cost reduction for cloud data processing through a joint optimization approach of task placement and data positioning in the data centers. Every server may have only a few resources needed for each piece of data residing on it. The data will need more resources to carry out with its big data processing tasks. The main aim of this paper is to optimize the data positioning, task allocation, routing and DCR to minimize the overall computation cost involved. The contributions are briefed as follows, 1.This paper considers the cost reduction problem involved with the cloud data processing in the data centers by the joint optimization of data positioning, task allocation and routing. To explain the computation and the transmission involved with the data centers, the Markov Chain model has been used and the task completion time has been derived. 2. For cost reduction, three factors are taken into consideration. The first one is how to place data in servers and the second one is how to distribute the data and the third one is how to resize the data centers to achieve minimum cost operation. II. OTHER RELATED WORKS Cost Minimization in Server The data centers are distributed throughout the world to store huge volumes of data that are accessible to thousands of users. A data center consists of a large number of servers that consume much power. Few Million dollars were to be spent on electricity cost that is a rising problem leading to the increased operation cost. The best known mechanisms proposed that grabbed attention was the DCR that focused on energy management by the data centers. Liu et al.[2] examined the same issue by considering the delay with the network. Fan et. al [3] analyses on how much computing equipments can be hosted within a fixed power budget in a safer and an efficient manner. Data Management The main aspect of data management is the reliability and effective data positioning. Sathiamoorthy et al. [4] proposed a solution based on erasure codes that offered high reliability in comparison with the Reed-Solomon codes. Yazd et al[5] proposed a scheduling algorithm to improve energy efficiency in data centers considering the data locality properties. Data Placement Agarwal et al[6] gave a data placement approach for the geographically distributed cloud services by considering the bandwidth cost, data center capacity, etc. It analyzes the logs based on the data access types and the client locations. All the existing works either focus on the task allotment or on the data placement or on the data management. But this paper takes into consideration, the data positioning, the task allotment and the routing of data systematically. SYSTEM MODEL The geographically distributed data center topology is shown in Fig. 1. with all the data centers containing the same data are connected via switches. There are a set of data centers(D), and each data center d à Ã‚ µ D that consists of a set of servers Sd connected to the switch md à Ã‚ µ M having a local transmission cost of Cl . The local transmission cost Cl will be less than the data center transmission cost Cr. Le the whole system be modeled as a Graph denoted by G=(N,E) where, N is the vertex set that includes all the switches(M) and the servers(Sd) E is the edge set. The weight involved with the edges are represented as, w(u,v)= Cr , if u,v à Ã‚ µ M Cl, otherwise The data stored in geographically distributed data centers are divided into a set of chunks C. Each data chunk c à Ã‚ µ C has a size and its is normalized to the server storage capacity. For each chunk of data, there will be P copies available in the distributed system for the fault tolerance. ÃŽ »c be the average task arrival rate requesting for chunk c. Fig. 1. Data Center topology The task arrival in each server is considered as a Poisson Process. If the task is distributed to a data center where the data chunk does not reside, it will take some amount of time till the data chunk gets transferred to that data center. Each task should be replied with a response time of R. PROBLEM FORMULATION Data Placement and Task allocation constraints The binary variable ysc is used to refer to whether the data chunk c is placed on the server s. ysc takes the value 1 if the chunk c is placed in the server s and it takes the value 0 if the chunk c is not placed in the server s. In any distributed file system for each data, there are P copies of data chunks stored and the data stored in each server cannot go beyond the storage capacity. Any server is termed as an activated one(as), only if there are data chunks stored onto it or else tasks assigned to it. Data Loading Constraints For every data chunk c required by the server s, there are few external or internal data transmissions involved for which a routing procedure is devised. The Graph containing the servers and the switches is divided into three categories, 1. Source Nodes: These are the servers consisting of the data chunks 2. Relay Nodes : These nodes receive data from the source nodes and forward them to the  other nodes based on some routing technique. 3. Destination Nodes: These are the nodes that are receiving the data chunks. Each and every destination node will receive the data chunks only if does not have a copy of it. Cost Reduction The cost involved with the transmission of the data chunks could be minimized by choosing the parameters such as the ysc ,as , ÃŽ »c etc. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION The performance analysis of the joint optimization approach describes that the communication costs decreased if more tasks and data chunks were placed in the same data center. Further increase in the number of servers will not affect the data chunk distribution among them. Increased requests lead to more activated servers and more computation resources and the joint optimization approach tries to lower the server cost. This approach balances between the server cost and the communication cost. When the delay requirement is very small, many servers are activated to provide quality of service. And the server costs decrease as the delay constraints increases. CONCLUSION This paper explains the joint optimization approach of data positioning, task allotment and routing of  data to reduce the overall operational cost involved with the data centers that are geographically distributed. This approach reduced the computational complexity considerably. REFERENCES [1] L. Rao, X. Liu, L. Xie, and W. Liu , â€Å"Minimizing Electricity Cost: Optimization of Distributed Internet Data Centers in a Multi-Electricity –Market Environment,† in Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM).IEEE,2010, pp. 1-9. [2] Z. Liu, M. Lin, A. Wierman, S.H. Low, and L.L. Andrew, â€Å"Greening Geographical Load Balancing ,†in Proceedings of International Conference on Measurement an Modeling of Computer Systems(SIGMETRICS. ACM, 2011,pp.233-244. [3] X. Fan, W. D. Weber, and L. A. Barroso, â€Å"Power Provisioning for a Warehouse-sized Computer,† in Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ICA).ACM, 2007, pp.13-23. [4] M. Sathiamoorthy, M. Asteris, D. Papailiopoulos, A. G. Dimakis, R. Vadali, S. Chen, and D. Borthakur, â€Å"Xoring elephants: novel erasure codes for big data,† in Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, ser. PVLDB’13. VLDB Endowment, 2013, pp.325-336. [5] S. A. Yazd, S.Venkatesan, and N. Mittal, â€Å"Boosting energy efficiency with mirrored data block replication policy and energy scheduler,† SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., vol.47, no.2, pp.33-40, 2013. [6] S. Agarwal, J. Dunagan, N. Jain, S. Saroiu, A. Wolman, and H. Bhogan, â€Å"Volley: Automated Data Placement for Geo-Distributed Cloud Services,† in the 7th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), 2010,pp.17-32. [7] S. Govindan, A. Sivasubramaniam, and B. Urgaonkar, â€Å"Benefits and Limitations of Tapping Into Stored Energy for Datacenters,† in Proceedings of the 38th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA). ACM.,pp.341-352. [8] P. X. Gao, A. R. Curtis, B. Wong, and S. Keshav, â€Å"It’s Not Easy Being Green, â€Å" in Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication(SIGCOMM), ACM,2012.pp.211-222. [9] J. Cohen, B. Dolan, M. Dunlap, J. M. Hellerstein, and C. Welton, â€Å"Mad Skills : new analysis practices for big data,† Proc. VLDB Endow. Vol.2, no.2, pp. 1481-1492, 2009. [10] H. Sachnai, G. Tamir, and T. Tamir, â€Å"Minimal cost reconfiguration of data placement in a storage area network, â€Å"Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 460.pp.42-53, 2012.

Analysis of Faulkner Short Stories Essay -- essays papers

Analysis of Faulkner Short Stories Response to the Faulkner Short Stories In each of these stories, Faulkner communicates to the reader through very strange characters. In â€Å"Was†, we hear of a story that basically stems around a runaway slave. The two Uncles are very stereotypical. The other owner was also very stereotypical. Basically, in this story, the white men are trying to apprehend a slave that has run off to see his girl. However, the story then progresses into a standoff between the white owners. They bet each other on very arbitrary matters until finally, though the previous bets did hold some weight, the men turn to a deck of cards to settle their disputes. The ironic aspect of all of this is that they end up betting on the lives of the slaves. So, in order to prove their superiority over each other, they use their slaves as leverage. This was one of the times I felt that Faulkner was trying to illustrate the fact that these people seemed hopelessly lost in the old Southern way. What was also very interesting though is that they se emed to treat the slaves fairly humanely. First of all, if a slave had run off in early times, they probably would have beaten him or killed him. Here though, it is a kind of game. It’s a race to see who can get him first. Faulkner also throws into the story the woman who seems to be in love with one of the uncles. This too, was very clever because the new â€Å"southern Belle† was also being communicated to the reader. The Uncles though, are bachelors, perhaps signifying the dying southern gentleman, who is unable to deal with his past, and who will lead his genre of people to extinction. All in all, I liked this story. I didn’t see Faulkner as a racist and I didn’t see any of his charact... ...However, this doesn’t deter Faulkner from writing very complex stories that reflect his literary prowess. Most of his characters can hardly speak correct English, and yet, his pieces are filled with words that even I have trouble discerning meaning from. In particular, Rider’s character is very blue collar. Faulkner communicates this to us in many ways, but has no trouble throwing in phrases like â€Å"the junctureless backloop of times trepan†. This occurs throughout all of these stories. It is like the characters are very natural, they know the environment, the have the skills to hunt, they work hard, and they love each other. But these ideas are contrasted by his writing style and complexity and really blend nicely to create very good pieces of literature. It was just one thing that caught my eye in reading these pieces and I am very envious of this skill he possesses.

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict in the Middle East Essay -- Palestine

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict in the Middle East The Arab world is not in a compromising mood†¦ Nations never concede; they fight. You won’t get anything by peaceful means or compromise. You can, perhaps get something, but only by the force of your arms†¦But it’s too late to talk of peaceful solutions† (Bard 1). The Arab League Secretary Azzam Pasha said this statement on September 16, 1947, eight months before the state of Israel was established. The Arabs held this mentality in a time when Israel was not yet a fact. This trait was hereditary in the sense that it was taught to their children, who taught it to their children, and so on. Those are the people who are living in Arab countries, and still despise everything about Israel and believe that, no matter what, negotiations are useless. This is especially true today with the Palestinians, for as Suha Arafat, wife of Yasser Arafat, stated, â€Å"I have always rejected normalizing relations with (Israeli) women†¦ They always invite me to their functions and I categorically refuse because I hate Israel† (Bard 2). This statement proves that though the Israeli’s try to normalize relations with the Palestinians, they refuse because they want nothing to do with Israel. From the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 to the present, there have been five wars, all of which have ended with peace treaties that did not do much. A peace treaty will never normalize the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in the Middle East because so many have failed in the past. May 14, 1948 was a victorious day for the Jewish people; the state of Israel was born. The excitement, however, was short lived because the armies of Syria, Iraq, Trans-Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon entered Israel the next day in an effort to erase it off the map. â€Å"The Arabs themselves expected the new state to be swept off the map in months if not weeks† (Ross 30). The majority of the Arab world fiercely opposed the state of Israel and refused to recognize it in any way. As Azzam Pasha, Secretary-General of the Arab League said on May 15, 1948, â€Å"This will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre† (Bard 1). So it was; over 6,300 Israelis were killed in the War of Independence (Israeli Casualties in Battle). Rhodes Peace Pact did not force the Arabs to recognize Israel as a state, allowing its legal existence to be ignored. This peace treaty did not b... ...elly, Michael. Promises But Never Peace. 5 Apr. 2002. 7 Apr. 2002 .  · PLO. 2000. 24 Apr. 2002 .  · Podhoretz, Norman. Bush Must Face Truce About Arab Terror Against Israel. 7 Apr. 2002. 7 Apr. 2002 .  · Regan, Geoffrey. Israel and the Arabs. Minneapolis: Learner Publications Company, 1984.  · Reuters. Cleric Lauds Bombings by Women. 2 Apr. 2002. 9 Apr. 2002. .  · Ross, Stewart. Causes and Consequences of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Texas: Raintree Steck Vaughn Publishers, 1995.  · Silverman, Maida. ISRAEL: The Founding Of A Modern Nation. New York: Dial Books of Young Readers, 1998.  · Tessler, Mark. A HISTORY of the ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT. United States of America: Indiana U P, 1994.  · The 1956 Sinai Campaign. 23 Apr. 2002 .  · Vogele, William B. Arab-Israeli Conflict. 26 Apr. 2002 .

Immunization: Health Care Delivery

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO). Nowadays, this is one of the global issues that experts are trying to solve on how they can help each individual to attain this stage, which in the end they across of finding ways on how an individual will be able to achieve this goal. That is through immunization. Immunizations are used to protect the human body against preventable diseases. Immunizations are usually given in the form of a shot or vaccine.When one gets immunized, the body develops the ability to fight off a given disease. Immunizations safeguard the body from illnesses and death caused by certain infectious diseases. Some immunizations are given to prevent a single disease, while others will take care of two or three diseases. Immunizations help control infectious diseases that were once common. They have reduced, and in many cases, eliminated, diseases that routinely killed or harmed infant s, children, and adults.However, the viruses and bacteria that cause vaccine-preventable disease and death still exist and can be passed on to people who are not immunized. Children need immunizations to protect them from dangerous childhood diseases. How can this be possible for everybody? That was answered by World Health Organization, when they initiated the Expanded Program on Immunization in May 1974 with the objective to vaccinate children throughout the world.Ten years later, in 1984, the WHO established a standardized vaccination schedule for the original EPI vaccines: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT), oral polio, and measles. Increased knowledge of the immunologic factors of disease led to new vaccines being developed and added to the EPI’s list of recommended vaccines: Hepatitis B (HepB), yellow fever in countries endemic for the disease, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis (Hib) conjugate vaccine in countries with high burden of disease.In 1999, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) was created with the sole purpose of improving child health in the poorest countries by extending the reach of the EPI. The GAVI brought together a grand coalition, including the UN agencies and institutions (WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank), public health institutes, donor and implementing countries, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation, the vaccine industry, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and many more.The creation of the GAVI has helped to renew interest and maintain the importance of immunizations in battling the world’s large burden of infectious diseases. The current goals of the EPI are: to ensure full immunization of children under one year of age in every district, to globally eradicate poliomyelitis, to reduce maternal and neonatal tetanus to an incidence rate of less than one case per 1,000 births by 2005, to cut in half the number of measles-related deaths that occurred in 1999, and to extend all new vaccine and preventive health interventions to children in all districts in the world.In addition, the GAVI has set up specific milestones to achieve the EPI goals: that by 2010 all countries have routine immunization coverage of 90% of their child population, that HepB be introduced in 80% of all countries by 2007 and that 50% of the poorest countries have Hib vaccine by 2005. In each of the United Nations’ member states, the individual national governments create and implement their own policies for vaccination programs following the guidelines set by the EPI.Setting up an immunization program is multifaceted and contains many complex components including a reliable cold chain system, transport for the delivery of the vaccines, maintenance of vaccine stocks, training and monitoring of health workers, outreach educational programs to inform the public, and a means of documenting and recording which child receives which vaccines.At the local level, implementation of the health care delivery system has been given greater responsibility to the local government Unit (LGU) by virtue of the Local Government Code of 1991, the Magna Carta for health workers for Republic Act 7305 in 1992, and the barangay health workers benefits in Incentives Act of 1995. The latter act provides for training volunteer workers as well as minimal incentives to convince them to help run barangay health station or centers. This volunteer will assist in clerical tasks and minor health procedures, such as weighing and measuring patients and malnutrition mitigating activities.However, this workers do it in this context that the study was conceptualize the results of the study may provide an assessment of the status of the health care delivery system and immunization status of children whose ages are 0 to 12 months old in Barangay San Juan- San Ramon of Municipality of Camaligan, Camarines Sur. The research finding can be a basis and inputs to the Local Government Units of Camaligan and Barangay San Juan- San Ramon in planning and implementation of barangay health care delivery system.Furthermore, allocation of Local Government Units (LGUs) budget or expenditure priority can also be guided towards a more responsive allocation level of health services. Results of the study may also contribute towards awareness building and educating the barangay residence about preventive health care. In terms of capacity building, the Local Government Unit (LGU) and the National Government will be given one basis for their technical support and training program for the health care workers to better improved the capacity to perform their jobs.After all, an empowered and well trained social health care work force will improved the delivery of community health care and reduce the number of children from preventable illnesses such as measles, malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition, and acute respiratory infection. Providing care for the children is really important. They will live to grow into adulthood and eventually become the future adult citizens. To ensure a productive future for these children, they must be protected from heavy childhood diseases which can be prevented through immunization.Presidential Decree No. 996 stated about â€Å"providing for compulsory basic immunization for infants and children below 8 years of age†. Immunization is one of the most important preventive management that should be done and given to infants in the first few months of his life. Estimates reveal that diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and measles are responsible for the deaths of about 5 million children every year in developing countries.These diseases are preventable through immunization with a handful of vaccines that can be given within the first year of a child’s life. Immunization has been recognized and accepted as one of the most important components in the prevention and control of c ommunicable diseases. Immunization is a basic health service; therefore it is integrated into the healthcare delivery service of the ministry of health. With the assistance of UN children’s fund and WHO, the ministry of ealth launches the expanded program on immunization objective of reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of the EPI mentioned by increasing the proportion of fully immunized children in their first year of life. The researchers are fully aware and knowledgeable about the immunization that will provide maximal immunity to Expanded Program on Immunization diseases before a child’s first birthday. The respondents are well exposed to immunization activities for they have volunteered and participated in the community’s activity program. Thus, they can well undertake the study.

Student: Finance and Foods Market

FI-516 WEEK 2 MINI field of study ASSIGNMENT Select a major industrial or commercial fraternity based in the United States, and listed on one of the major stock exchanges in the United States. Each student should hold a different partnership. Avoid selecting an restitution association or a bank, as the financial ratios for these financial businesses are different. relieve a 7 8 scalawag double spaced paper tell and demonstrating with calculations and financial data the following questions 1. What is the depict of the federation? What is the industry cabalor? * The comp any(prenominal) name is intact Foods Market Inc. Whole foods market, Inc. is the Food Retailers & Wholesalers industry. * The products include grocery, seafood, bakery, prepared foods, totality and poultry, dietary and nutritional supplements, vitamins, specialty (beer, wine-colored and cheese) body care products, floral and planetary house products and pet products. 2. What are the operating risks of the keep company? * Organic foods market has several laws and regulations relating to health, sanitization and food labeling. * FDA, FTC, CPSC, USDA and EPA exhaust find out standards for the manufacture, packaging, and advertising of organic products. If failure to fix these standards could result in the confiscation of merchandising and sales licenses. 3. What is the financial risk of the company (the debt to total capitalization ratio)? Debt to total capitalization ratio = Debt / (Shareholders uprightness + Debt) - 1,300,770 / 4,292,075 = 30. 31% 4. Does the company have any prefer stock? No, the Whole foods market, Inc. does not have any preferred stock. 5. What is the capital structure of the company? Short term heap of Long experimental condition Debt, Long Term Debt, Preferred contrast (if any), and market honour f Common Stock issued and nifty? * heavy(p) structure - meat Debt to replete(p) Equity 0. 60 - get along Debt to Total Capital 0. 60 - Total Deb t to Total Assets 0. 42 - Long-Term Debt to Equity 0. 58 - Long-Term Debt to Total Capital 0. 58 * The Whole foods market, Inc. does not have any short-term portion of long-term debt, and at that place is no preferred stock. Long-term debt $17. 44 million * The Whole foods market, Inc. has 300,000 packet authorise and $178. 89 million shares issued and outstanding at 2011. 6. What is the companys current essential of import? - * The current actual Beta is 0. 66 7. What would the Beta of this company be if it had no Long Term Debt in its capital structure? (Apply the Hamada Formula. ) - BL= B1 1+(1-T) (D/E) - = 0. 66 / 1+(1-0. 35) (0. 43) - 0. 52 8. What is the companys current fringy Tax Rate? - 35% 9. What is the equal of Debt, onwards and after taxes? The cost of debt before taxes is 6. 7%, and after taxes is 4. 5%. 10. What is the represent of Preferred Stock (if any)? The Whole foods market, Inc. does not have any preferred stock. 11. What is the greet of Equity? - Cos t of Equity = (Dividends per share/current market rate of stock)+ fruit Rate of Dividends - = (0. 40 / $86. 47) + 0. 56% = 0. 01 12. What is the gold dividend yield on the Common Stock? The cash dividend yield on the parking lot stock is 0. 56 (0. 60%) 13. What is the weight down Average Cost of Capital of the company? The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is 7% 14. What is the Price Earnings tenfold of the company? - Current market value of stock / EPS - = $86. 47 / 2. 21 - = 39. 13 15. How has the companys stock been do in the endure 5 age?In May 2007, the price of harsh stock was $39. 74 per share, but it dropped to $8. 19 per share in 2009. Although after the niche of price drop, the price begins the set ahead up to $86. 47 per share now. 16. How would you assess the general risk structure of the company in terms of its Operating take a chances and Financial Risk (Debt to Capitalization Ratio)? Total debt/total equity 0. 0063 Total debt/total capital 0. 0063 17. Woul d you present in this company? Why? Or Why not? * Officially I would invest portion of my assets into the portfolio. Since the price has raise from the last two years in an even steady price.Even though they have two small period of clock that drop for about 15%. boilersuit the stock market seems to be static about the movement of the behavior optimistically. and then be hold within the little beta that show less variable quantity of the changes. I believe this could be a chance to be rich 18. The last page of your paper should be a Bibliography of the sources you used to prepare this paper. Bibliography * http//www. wikinvest. com/stock/Whole_Foods_Market_(WFM) * http//www. thestreet. com/ quotation mark/WFM/details/company-profile. html * http//yahoo. brand. edgar online. com/displayfilinginfo. spx? FilingID=8260392-165255- 169255&type=sect&TabIndex=2&companyid=10959&ppu=%252fdefault. asp viperx%253fcik%253d865436 * http//www. investopedia. com/terms/d/debt-to-capitalratio. aspaxzz1v5caUyeq * http//www. marketwatch. com/investing/stock/wfm/profile * http//finance. yahoo. com/q? s=WFM&ql=1 * http//www. investopedia. com/terms/c/costofequity. aspaxzz1v5caUyeq * http//www. thestreet. com/quote/WFM/details/growth-rates. html * http//www. wikiwealth. com/wacc-analysiswfm * http//markets. ft. com/ look/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials? s=WFMNSQ